Pioneers in the social studies of science documented how the basic activities of scientists, such as deciding what counts as evidence, are fundamentally social undertakings (Collins, 1998; Latour & Woolgar, 1979). However, previous research failed to document some crucial barriers that make scientific collaboration more difficult than expected. This taxonomy has proven useful and robust for documenting the diversity of collaboratories that now exists, identifying associated strengths and key challenges, and framing a research agenda around these types. JCMC Home. et al.